Kaolinite
Bentonite
Kaolin clay is related to bentonite. PW19 is mostly hydrated Aluminium Silicate and may also bring along some impurities such as silica.
See Monona Rossol's work on pigments here for notes on kaolins and free silica hazards; also avoid breathing the dust. She writes "All clays are inert dusts that can cause respiratory problems at high exposures. Some may contain free silica." Kaolin is usually bright white but it can carry a color cast depending on the supplier.
PW19 pigment data from David G. Myers, The Color of Art Pigment Database, Artiscreation.com
CAMEO Materials Database: Conservation & Art Materials Encyclopedia Online, Museum of Fine Arts Boston. (Accessed June 2025). Kaolin https://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Kaolin. Museum of Fine Arts Boston.
Thought to be excellent, need more data
It was not mentioned on studies about mixing white pigments
Varies, Transparent, Semi-Transparent
Possible Hazard
Dust is a hazard. Monona Rossol writes "All clays are inert dusts that can cause respiratory problems at high exposures. Some may contain free silica." Treat all pigments and paints with studio safety protocols.
Varies
Very Fine
Hydrated Aluminium Silicate, possibly with impurities
Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ (Calcined Kaolinite from Natural Pigments), Vicenza Earth SiO₂ Al₂O₃ H₂O
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